![]() These alloys are ferromagnetic at room temperature. Popular ferritic stainless steels are iron-chromium binary alloys with 13 to 18 percent chromium. bent, at room temperature, it will partially transform to the ferritic phase and will be partly magnetic, or ferromagnetic, as it is more precisely termed. If the alloy is mechanically deformed, i.e. At room temperature, the thermodynamically stable crystal structure of 304 stainless steel is bcc nevertheless, the alloy's nickel concentration, as well as the small amounts of manganese (about 1 percent), carbon (less than 0.08 percent) and nitrogen (about 0.06 percent), maintains an fcc structure and therefore the alloy is nonmagnetic. ![]() The most popular stainless steel is Type 304, which contains approximately 18 percent chromium and 8 percent nickel. Chromium, molybdenum and silicon make it more likely that the alloy will exhibit the bcc crystal structure at room temperature. Alloying the stainless steel with elements such as nickel, manganese, carbon and nitrogen increases the likelihood that the alloy will possess the fcc crystal structure at room temperature. The unit cell of a bcc crystal is a cube with one atom at each of the eight corners and a single atom at the geometric center of the cube. In a ferritic stainless steel, however, the metallic atoms are located on a body-centered (bcc) lattice. The unit cell of an fcc crystal consists of a cube with an atom at each of the cube's eight corners and an atom at the center of each of the six faces. The metallic atoms in an austenitic stainless steel are arranged on a face-centered cubic (fcc) lattice. A ferritic stainless steel owes its magnetism to two factors: its high concentration of iron and its fundamental structure. Due to this difference, ferritic stainless steels are generally magnetic while austenitic stainless steels usually are not. The two main types are austenitic and ferritic, each of which exhibits a different atomic arrangement. ![]() There are several different types of stainless steels. Stainless steels are iron-based alloys primarily known for their generally excellent corrosion resistance, which is largely due to the steel's chromium concentration. ![]() Thomas Devine, a materials science and engineering professor at the University of California, Berkeley, provides this answer. ![]()
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